The construction of the Moscow Synagogue building has been carried out in accordance with the projects of architects Semyon Semenovich Eibushits and Sergei Konstantinovich Rodionov since 1887. Some time later, the restructuring was led by architect Roman Ivanovich Klein, who was a supporter of free stylization in accordance with a particular historical era.

Thanks to Klein, the interior of the building acquired many historical allusions and all kinds of quotes. For example, the Lebanese cedars depicted in the mosaic symbolize the destroyed Solomon Temple. The presence of benches for worshipers corresponds to European architectural traditions. Jewish motifs in the interior design are clearly expressed in the arrangement of women's gallery balconies.

Despite the fact that the construction of the synagogue was completed in 1891, its official opening for political reasons took place only in 1906. In the 20th century, even under Soviet rule, the Moscow Synagogue remained the center of social and religious life of the Jewish population throughout the country.