The structure was erected between 1493 and 1495, on the site where the tower was once located during the reign of the legendary Moscow prince, a participant in the Battle of Kulikovo Dmitry Donskoy. Due to the fact that Srednyaya Arsenalnaya is located on a fairly solid ground, it has been preserved in much better condition than the rest of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin.

From the point of view of its architectural composition, the Arsenal Tower is a quadrangle stretched upwards. The outer edge of the structure is completed by platforms on which hinged combat loopholes and a parapet are located. At the end of the 17th century, the building was supplemented with an open quadrangle with a tent, which was crowned by a through observation room.

The inner part of the tower is divided into three parts, which cover the cylindrical vaults and connect the intra-wall stairs. Due to its original design, the tent is divided into tiers by means of flat ceilings. At the foot of the Middle Arsenal Tower there is a grotto in which the orchestra once played. In the design of the wings of the grotto, fragments of city buildings were used, which were destroyed during the hostilities of 1812.